Maternal-Fetal Outcome and Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Amniotic Fluid and Breast Milk of Obstetric Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection during the Pandemic in Mizoram, India: Single-Center Retrospective Data Analysis
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Abstract
Introduction: The impact of COVID-19 and its mutations has impacted the health system while pregnant women were among the vulnerable population. Studies are limited especially in the northeast states of India. The study aims to report the maternal- fetal outcome as well as evidence of transmission of COVID-19 through other biological samples.
Method: This is a single-center, retrospective data analysis of obstetric patients who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and their newborns during the early onset of the pandemic in Mizoram. The study also investigates the presence of SAR-CoV-2 RNA in amniotic fluid and breast milk from the patients The study data such as the demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained through questionnaires and from the medical records department.
Results: A total of 145 obstetric patients with SARS-COV-2 infection were admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Mizoram. About 53.8% of patients were 39 weeks gestation during the time of admission where 60.1% were asymptomatic and diagnosed immediately. A total of 142 infants were successfully delivered and the mean birthweight was 2.9 2.9± 0.54 SD. Among the tested infants 15.2 % were positive of COVID-19 infection. Infant mortality was 2.1 %. Detection of SARS-Cov-2 RNA from breastmilk and amniotic fluid were observed. The analysis shows that there is no significance between the neonates and the two samples. Nevertheless, analysis was performed between the two samples and found to be significant with P-value = 0.003
Conclusion: The findings of this research provide add valuable insights into the limited knowledge about the role of maternal health in the context of the epidemic of coronavirus virus virus-infected pregnant women in Mizoram, India and also the association of positive COVID-19 breast milk and amniotic fluid from infected mothers to their infants. However, due to the lack of resources and the retrospective nature of our study, more investigation is required.