Pulmonary Emphysema and its Forensic and Medico-legal Implications: A Systematic Review

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Rajiv Ratan Singh
Chandra Prakash
Amrendra Kumar
Shiv Shanker Tripathi
Sachin Kumar Tripathi
Pradeep Kumar Yadav

Abstract

Introduction: Pulmonary emphysema, characterized by the structural breakdown of the lungs, has far-reaching consequences within the medical domain and in forensic and medicolegal contexts. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the existing literature on pulmonary emphysema, focusing on macroscopic and microscopic changes, clinical manifestations, and its intricate legal implications.


Aims and Objectives: Forensic and medico-legal perspectives: acquire and evaluate the current state of concerning pulmonary emphysema. The goals encompass examining changes in histology and macroscopic features, comprehending clinical presentations in forensic examinations, and clarifying implications for law.


Methodology: A systematic search of major databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to the present date. Inclusion criteria involved studies discussing macroscopic and microscopic changes associated with emphysema, its clinical manifestations, and its impact on forensic investigations and medicolegal considerations.


Results: The review synthesizes findings related to macroscopic changes, emphasizing their forensic significance, and delves into microscopic alterations at the histological level. Clinical manifestations, including symptoms and their relevance in forensic investigations, are explored. Legal implications spanning occupational exposure, causality determination, toxicology, and disease severity assessment are comprehensively discussed.


Conclusion: Pulmonary emphysema's influence extends into forensic science and medico-legal practice. This systematic review underscores the importance of understanding the macroscopic and microscopic changes associated with emphysema, its clinical manifestations, and its profound legal implications. A meticulous examination and documentation of emphysematous changes emerge as crucial for forensic pathologists, medico-legal experts, and legal professionals. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of existing knowledge, paving the way for enhanced understanding and application of emphysema-related evidence in diverse legal scenarios.

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