Evaluation of Microbial Growth in Dental Operatory: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Introduction: There has been recent interest in using chemical fumigation in healthcare facilities due to concerns about the environment's role in causing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there have been incidents where fumigants have escaped, resulting in illness and even death among exposed workers and the general public. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly assess the benefits and risks before expanding the use of potentially hazardous technology in areas where vulnerable individuals are present. Aim: The objective of this study is to evaluate the microbial growth (CFU/m3) in the dental operatory at regular intervals following fumigation with 3-5% hydrogen peroxide. Methodology: The dental operatory was fumigated with hydrogen peroxide (3-5%) diluted with 1-1.5L of water for 1-2 hours. After 48 hours of fumigation, a nutrient agar plate was placed in the operatory. Similarly, nutrient agar plates were placed in the operatory after 72 hours, 5 days, and 7 days, with each plate being kept in the operatory for 24 hours. The agar plates were then examined under a microscope to calculate the microbial load at regular intervals, allowing the evaluation of microbial growth in the operatory after fumigation . Results: Prior to fumigation, the microbial count was 112 cfu/m3. After 24 hours of fumigation, the microbial count reduced to 24 cfu/m3, and after 72 hours of fumigation, it was 72 cfu/m3. Conclusion: Hydrogen peroxide proves to be an effective disinfectant as it significantly reduces the microbial count in the dental operatory by nearly fivefold. This study highlights the efficacy of fumigation in reducing the microbial count in the environment and lowering patient infection rates, considering the potential risks. Currently, there is a lack of consensus documents regarding safe fumigation exposure.