Cytopathological Spectrum of Breast Lesions: An Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Breast lesions encompass a broad spectrum of pathological conditions that can significantly affect women's health. Cytopathological examination is a rapid minimally invasive method for diagnosing these lesions, differentiating benign from malignant conditions, and informing treatment strategies. Objective: This study aims to analyze the cytopathological patterns and frequencies of various breast lesions to better understand their distribution and prevalence among different age groups. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted, examining breast lesions from female patients at Government Medical College from December 2022 to July 2023. The study analyzed data from registration forms, employing Hematoxylin and Eosin staining on FNAC smears. Results: A total of 100 cases were studied, with the age distribution showing a higher prevalence of breast lesions in the 15-19 and 45-49 age groups. Fibroadenoma was the most common benign lesion, comprising 54% of cases, followed by Infiltrating carcinoma at 28%, highlighting a higher occurrence of benign over malignant lesions. The findings emphasize the importance of age-specific screening and educational programs. Conclusion: The study underscores the role of cytopathological evaluation in the accurate diagnosis of breast lesions. The prevalence of benign lesions over malignant ones suggests potential areas for focused healthcare interventions. Understanding these patterns aids in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, improving patient management, and potentially increasing survival rates.