Seroprevalence of Measles, Rubella, Mumps and Varicella Specic Antibodies in Children of 1-10 Years of age

Abstract

 Background: Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella are highly contagious viral infections that pose significant public health challenges globally, especially in developing countries like India. Despite the effectiveness of vaccination programs, gaps in coverage lead to outbreaks and continued viral transmission. This study assessed the seroprevalence of antibodies against these infections in children aged 1 to 10 years in India and evaluated the impact of sociodemographic factors on immunity levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 200 children was conducted, analyzing IgG antibodies for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seroprevalence rates were correlated with age, gender, breastfeeding status, and socioeconomic status using Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests. Results: Seroprevalence rates were 80% for measles, 78.5% for mumps, 85.5% for rubella, and 60% for varicella. Higher seropositivity was noted in males for measles (87.5%) and mumps (79.2%) compared to females. Immunity levels for measles and varicella increased with age, with the 7–10-year age group showing the highest rates. Breastfeeding strongly correlated with higher immunity across all infections. Socioeconomic status had minimal but nonsignificant influence on seropositivity. Conclusion: While seroprevalence for measles, mumps, and rubella was relatively high, varicella immunity remains suboptimal, particularly among younger children. These findings underscore the need for improved vaccination strategies, including incorporating the MMRV vaccine into national programs. Strengthening vaccine coverage in underserved areas is essential to close immunity gaps and prevent future outbreaks.