Correlation of FeNO with FeV1 and Other Biomarkers in Predicting Severity of Asthma

Abstract

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation. It is often classified into phenotypes such as Type 2 and non-Type 2 asthma, each with distinct inflammatory markers. This study focused on assessing FeNO, a non-invasive marker of airway inflammation, its association with other biomarkers (absolute eosinophil count (AEC), and serum IgE level) and asthma severity, as measured by forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%). This observational study was conducted in the Department of Respiratory Medicine, AIMSR Bathinda. 163 asthma patients aged 18 to 65 years were included. FeNO levels correlated positively with AEC and IgE levels, suggesting that these biomarkers rise with increased airway inflammation. However, a weak negative correlation was observed between FeNO and FEV1%, implying that higher FeNO levels may reflect greater asthma severity but do not directly correspond with lung function. The study concluded that while FeNO, AEC, and IgE are valuable biomarkers for evaluating airway inflammation, they should be considered together to comprehensively assess asthma. This multidimensional approach supports personalized asthma care, where treatment is tailored according to each patient's unique clinical presentation and biomarker profile. This study highlights the need for future research on composite biomarker scores and potential of artificial intelligence to enhance asthma diagnostics, paving the way for improved patient outcomes in asthma management.