Evaluation of Serum Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Its Correlation with Diabetic Nephropathy

Abstract

 Background: Dyslipidemia is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is strongly implicated in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Objective: This study aims to evaluate the serum lipid profile in T2DM patients and examine its association with DN, with a focus on identifying specific lipid patterns contributing to renal deterioration. Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted involving 100 T2DM patients aged 35-70 years. Participants were categorized based on glycemic control (HbA1C) and kidney function, assessed via albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Biochemical analyses included fasting blood sugar, HbA1C, and serum lipids-total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides. Results: Dyslipidemia was observed in 88% of participants, with elevated triglycerides and low HDL-C being the predominant abnormalities. Patients with DN exhibited significantly higher total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides and lower HDL-C compared to non-DN counterparts (p < 0.001). Dyslipidemia was notably more prevalent in poorly controlled diabetics (HbA1C ≥ 7%). Conclusion: This study highlights a strong correlation between dyslipidemia and DN, emphasizing its role in renal deterioration. Early identification and management of dyslipidemia may mitigate DN progression and improve outcomes for T2DM patients. Future research should explore the therapeutic impact of lipid-lowering interventions tailored to specific lipid abnormalities.